تحلیل جامعه شناختی نابرابری آموزشی و فرصت‌های دسترسی به آموزش عالی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

استادیار، گروه علوم اجتماعی، دانشکده علوم انسانی، دانشگاه گلستان، گرگان، ایران

10.22034/emes.2022.551448.2372

چکیده

در این پژوهش تلاش می‌شود تا ضمن تحلیلی بر نقش عوامل مختلف در ایجاد و بازتولید نابرابری آموزشی و فرصت-های دسترسی به آموزش عالی و شناخت از ویژگی‌ها و فرایندهای اثرگذار، زمینۀ بازنگری در سیاست‌ها و برنامه‌ریزیهای نظام آموزش فراهم شود.
روش پژوهش: این پژوهش با توجه به هدف کاربردی و با توجه به سوالات به روش توصیفی- تحلیلی انجام شده است. جهت شناسایی زمینه‌ها و عوامل اثرگذار در ایجاد و بازتولید نابرابری آموزشی از مطالعات کتابخانه‌ای و اسنادی استفاده شده و برای افزودن به غنای یافته‌های تحلیلی، از داده‌های سازمان سنجش آموزش کشور و تحلیل آنها با آزمون‌های آماری همچون مقایسه میانگین و یو من ویتنی استفاده شده است.
یافته‌ها: یافته‌ها نشان میدهد بطور کلی تقاضا برای آموزش عالی در جهان رو به افزایش است، اما این افزایش تقاضا در کشورهای توسعه‌یافته تابعی از تقاضا برای نیروی کار تحصیل کرده و نشان از توسعه متوازن آموزش عالی دارد و در ایران، گسترش آموزش عالی تقاضا محور بوده و بر مبنای نیازهای اقتصادی و اجتماعی شکل نگرفته است.
نتیجه‌گیری: تدوین سیاست‌ها برای رفع نابرابری باید مبتنی بر رفع موانع در اجتماع محلی باشد. اطمنیان از شمول اجتماعی همه گروه‌ها، کاهش شکاف بین موسسات و نهادهای آموزشی و رشته‌های تحصیلی، ارتقای سطح کیفی همه نهادهای آموزشی در حد قابل قبول و دسترسی یکسان برای همه به لحاظ مادی از جمله این موارد است. در عین‌حال، بسیار اهمیت دارد که در اصلاح سیاستهای تدوین شده و بازتوزیع امکانات از نقش متغیرهای فردی نیز چه در مناطق برخوردار و چه غیربرخوردار غافل نشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Sociological Analysis of Educational Inequality and Access Opportunities to Higher Education

نویسندگان [English]

  • Vajihe Jalaeian Bakhshande
  • Korosh gholami
Assistant Professor, Department of Social Science, Faculty of Human Science, Golestan Univeersity, Gorgan, Iran
چکیده [English]

Objective: In this study, we tried to analyze of the role of various factors in creating and reproducing educational inequality and opportunities to access higher education and provide a basis for reviewing the policies and plans of the education system.
Methods: According to the objectives, this research is applied and considering research questions has been done by descriptive-analytical method. Library resource and documentary methods were used to identify the contexts and factors of creating and reproducing educational inequality. To add the richness of analytical findings, we used the National Organization of Educational Testing’ data and analyze them with comparing means and Mann–Whitney U tests.
Results: The findings show that the demand for higher education is increasing in the world. In developed countries it is a function of the demand for educated labor but in Iran, the expansion of higher education is demand-oriented and is not based on economic and social needs.
Conclusion: Policy-making to address inequality should be based on removing barriers in the local community. Ensuring the social inclusion of all groups, reducing the gap between educational institutions and disciplines, improving the quality of all educational institutions to an acceptable level and equal access for all are among these items. Higher education can lead to income redistribution when the benefits of a job related to college education are not limited to family and social benefits. At the same time, it is very important to consider the role of individual variables in reforming the developed policies and redistributing the facilities, both in the privileged and non-privileged areas.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Keywords: Educational Inequality
  • Educational Justice
  • Higher Education
  • Social Capital
  • Cultural Capital

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