مطالعات اندازه گیری و ارزشیابی آموزشی

مطالعات اندازه گیری و ارزشیابی آموزشی

بررسی دیدگاه‌های معلمان در رابطه با ارزشیابی توصیفی: شناسایی چالش‌ها و راهکارها

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان
محمدتقی رودی 1
مظاهر برنا خواجه 2
1 گروه علوم تربیتی، دانشکده علوم تربیتی و روانشناسی، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران
2 گروه علوم تربیتی، دانشکده علوم تربیتی و روانشناسی، دانشگاه تبریز، تبریز، ایران
10.22034/emes.2024.2015625.2520
چکیده
هدف: هدف پژوهش حاضر شناسایی ضعف­ها، چالش­ها، و راهکارهای بهبود فرایند اجرای ارزشیابی توصیفی از دیدگاه معلمان مدارس ابتدایی انجام شده است.
روش پژوهش: در این پژوهش، رویکرد کیفی و روش تحلیل­ مضمونی استفاده شد و  برای گردآوری اطلاعات نیز مصاحبه نیمه­ساختار­یافته به­کار رفت. مشارکت­کنندگان پژوهش 25 نفر از معلمان ابتدایی شهرستان طارم در سال تحصیلی 1402-1401 بودند که بر اساس اشباع نظری، و با روش نمونه­گیری هدفمند از نوع ملاکی انتخاب شدند. به­منظور تجزیه و تحلیل اطلاعات گردآوری­شده از تکنیک­های تحلیل مضمونی همچون دسته­بندی اطلاعات، کدگذاری، استخراج و ترکیب مضامین استفاده شد.
یافته‌ها: بر­اساس یافته­های پژوهش در رابطه با چالش­های ارزشیابی توصیفی، 9 مضون اصلی؛ شامل رویکرد سهل­انگارانه نسبت به ارزشیابی، حذف رقابت سازنده، ازدحام کلاس­های درسی، عدم­تغییر در نگرش معلمان، توجیه نبودن والدین ، کاهش انگیزه دانش­آموزان برتر، عدم تناسب بین محتوا و رویکرد ارزشیابی، ابهام در معیارهای ارزشیابی پایانی، و تغییر نامطلوب شرایط تکرار پایه شناسایی شد. همچنین در رابطه با راهکارهای بهبود ارزشیابی توصیفی 6 مضمون اصلی شامل افزایش طیف­های امتیازدهی، بهره­گیری از رویکرد کمی در ارزشیابی پایانی، متناسب­سازی محتوا ، کاهش ازدحام کلاس­ها، آموزش مستمر معلمان و تنوع در رویکرد ارزشیابی توصیفی برای پایه­های مختلف تحصیلی شناسایی شد.
نتیجه‌گیری: ارزشیابی توصیفی هم از نظر فراهم نمودن شرایط مورد نیاز و هم از لحاظ اجرا با چالش­ها و مشکلاتی مواجه است که اثربخشی آن را به­طور قابل­ملاحظه­ای تحت تاثیر قرار داده است و رفع نمودن این چالش­ها از طریق راهکارهای دقیق و کارآمد ضروری است.
کلیدواژه‌ها
ارزشیابی تحصیلی
ارزشیابی توصیفی
مدارس
معلمان

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله English

Investigating Teachers'''' Views on Descriptive Evaluation: Identifying Challenges and Solutions

نویسندگان English

Mohammadtaghi Roodi 1
mazaher borna khaje 2
1 Department of Educational Sciences, Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
2 Department of Educational Sciences, Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology, Tabriz University, Tabriz, Iran
چکیده English

Objective: This study was conducted with the aim of identifying challenges, and ways to improve the process of descriptive evaluation from the perspective of elementary school teachers.
Methods: qualitative approach and thematic analysis method were used. A semi-structured interview was used to collect information. The participants were 25 elementary school teachers of Tarom city in the academic year of 1402-1401, who were selected based on theoretical saturation, and with the purposeful sampling method. In order to analyze the collected data, thematic analysis techniques such as coding, extracting and combining themes were used.
Results: In relation to the challenges of descriptive evaluation, 9 main topics including including a negligent approach to evaluation, elimination of constructive competition, overcrowding of classrooms, lack of change in teachers'' attitudes, parents'' lack of justification, reduction of motivation of top students, lack of fit between content and evaluation approach, ambiguity in final evaluation criteria, and an adverse change in baseline replication conditions was detected. Also, in relation to the ways to improve descriptive evaluation, there are 6 main themes, including increasing scoring ranges, using a quantitative approach in final evaluation, tailoring content, reducing classroom congestion, continuous teacher training, and diversity in the descriptive evaluation approach for elementary. Different academics were identified.
Conclusion: Descriptive evaluation is faced with challenges both in providing prerequisites and in implementation, which have affected its effectiveness, and it is necessary to solve these challenges through efficient solutions.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Keywords: educational evaluation
descriptive evaluation
schools
teachers

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مطالعات اندازه گیری و ارزشیابی آموزشی
دوره 14، شماره 46
تابستان 1403