مطالعات اندازه گیری و ارزشیابی آموزشی

مطالعات اندازه گیری و ارزشیابی آموزشی

الگوی ساختاری رابطه طرحواره‌های ناسازگار اولیه و الگوهای ارتباطی خانواده با اضطراب آزمون در نوجوانان کنکوری: نقش واسطه‌گری کمال‌گرایی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان
1 گروه روان شناسی، دانشکده علوم انسانی، دانشگاه کاشان، کاشان، ایران
2 گروه روانشناسی، دانشکده علوم انسانی، دانشگاه کاشان، کاشان، ایران
3 گروه علوم تربیتی، دانشکده علوم انسانی، دانشگاه کاشان، کاشان، ایران
10.22034/emes.2025.2054900.2632
چکیده
هدف: هدف پژوهش حاضر، پیش‌بینی اضطراب آزمون در نوجوانان کنکوری بر اساس طرح‌واره‌های ناسازگار اولیه، الگوهای ارتباطی خانواده با نقش میانجی‌گری کمال‌گرایی در طرح مدل علی به روش معادلات ساختاری بود.
روش: نمونه آماری پژوهش شامل 316 نفر از دانش‌آموزان پایه دوازدهم شهرستان نطنز با قصد شرکت در کنکور بود که با روش نمونهگیری تصادفی خوشه‌ای چندمرحله‌ای انتخاب شدند. ابزار گرد‌آوری اطلاعات شامل پرسشنامه‌های طرح‌واره‌های ناسازگار اولیه (یانگ، ۱۹۹۸)، الگوهای ارتباطی خانواده (کوئرنر و فیتزپاتریک، ۲۰۰۴)، کمال‌گرایی (فراست و همکاران، ۱۹۹۰) و اضطراب امتحان (ابوالقاسمی و همکاران، ۱۳۷۵) بود.
یافته‌ها: نتایج نشان داد مؤلفه‌های طرح‌واره‌های ناسازگار اولیه (محدودیت‌های مختل، دیگرجهت‌مندی، بریدگی و طرد، گوش‌به‌زنگی بیش از حد و عملکرد مختل) تأثیر مستقیم و مثبت و مؤلفه‌های الگوهای ارتباطی خانواده (گفت‌وشنود و همنوایی) تاثیر مستقیم و منفی بر اضطراب آزمون نوجوانان کنکوری دارند. همچنین یافته‌های پژوهش نشان داد که طرح‌وارههای ناسازگار اولیه می‌توانند با افزایش کمال‌گرایی منفی در دانش‌آموزان، اضطراب آزمون آنها را افزایش دهند؛ به عبارت دیگر، کمالگرایی منفی به‌طور معنی‌داری ارتباط بین طرح‌واره‌های ناسازگار اولیه و اضطراب آزمون را میانجی‌گری می‌کرد، ولی این میانجی‌گری در رابطه بین الگوهایی ارتباطی خانواده و اضطراب آزمون، معنی‌دار نبود. 
نتیجه‌گیری: در مجموع نتایج پژوهش نشان می‌دهد که طرح‌واره‌های ناسازگار اولیه، نوع ارتباط نوجوانان با خانواده و شکل‌گیری کمال‌گرایی منفی می‌تواند نقش مهمی در افزایش اضطراب آزمون دانش‌آموزان کنکوری داشته باشد که این موضوع نقش خانواده را در کنترل اضطراب آزمون برجسته میکند. آگاهسازی والدین، اصلاح الگوی ارتباطی خانواده و توجه به طرح‌واره‌های ناسازگار اولیه در محیط خانواده می‌تواند نقش مؤثری در کاهش اضطراب آزمون در نوجوانان کنکوری داشته باشد.  
کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله English

Structural Model of the Relationship between Early Maladaptive Schemas and Family Communication Patterns with Test Anxiety in Adolescents about the Un

نویسندگان English

Maryam Amini 1
Masoud Kiani 2
Hamid Rahimi 3
1 Department of Psychology, Faculty of Humanities, University of Kashan, Kashan, Iran
2 Department of Psychology, Faculty of Humanities, University of Kashan, Kashan, Iran
3 Department of Educational Sciences, Faculty of Humanities, University of Kashan, Kashan, Iran
چکیده English

Objectives: The aim of the present study was to predict test anxiety in adolescents taking the entrance exam based on early maladaptive schemas and family communication patterns with the mediating role of perfectionism in the causal model design using structural equation modeling.
Methods: The statistical population of the study contained 316 of grade students in Natanz city, who intended to take the entrance exam and were selected by multistage cluster random sampling method.  Data collection tools included: questionnaires for early maladaptive schemas (Young, 1998), Communication patterns and family damage (Qunerner & Fitz Patrick, 2004), Perfectionism (Frost et al., 1990), and Examination Anxiety (Abolghasemi et al., 1996).
Results: The results indicated that the components of early maladaptive schemas (disrupted constraints, other-orientation, cut-off & rejection, hypervigilance, and impaired performance) have a direct & positive effect, and the components of family communication patterns (dialogue & conformity) have a direct & negative effect on test anxiety in adolescents taking the entrance exam. The research findings also showed that early maladaptive schemas can increase students' test anxiety by increasing negative perfectionism; in other words, negative perfectionism significantly mediated the relationship between early maladaptive schemas and test anxiety, but this mediation was not significant in the relationship between family communication patterns and test anxiety.
Conclusion: Overall, the results of the study show that early maladaptive schemas, the type of relationship adolescents have with their family, and the formation of negative perfectionism can play an important role in increasing test anxiety in college entrance exam students, which highlights the role of the family in controlling test anxiety.Raising awareness among parents, modifying the family's communication pattern, and paying attention to early maladaptive schemas in the family environment can play an effective role in reducing test anxiety in adolescents taking the college entrance exam.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Keywords: Early Maladaptive Schemas
Family Communication Patterns
Perfectionism
Test Anxiety
Entrance Test

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